Titration Calculator

Titration Calculator

The Titration Calculator determines unknown acid or base concentrations at the equivalence point of an acid-base titration. At equivalence, the moles of H+ donated by the acid equal the moles of OH- accepted by the base.

The core relationship is:

$$n_{\mathrm{H}^+} \cdot M_a \cdot V_a = n_{\mathrm{OH}^-} \cdot M_b \cdot V_b$$

where $M_a$ and $M_b$ are molarities (mol/L), $V_a$ and $V_b$ are volumes (mL), and $n_{\mathrm{H}^+}$ and $n_{\mathrm{OH}^-}$ count the number of acidic or basic protons per formula unit. For example, HCl donates one H+ ($n_{\mathrm{H}^+} = 1$) while H₂SO₄ donates two.

A typical lab problem: 20.70 mL of 0.500 M NaOH neutralizes 0.15 mL of unknown HCl. Rearranging gives $M_a = (1 \times 0.500 \times 20.70) / (1 \times 0.15) = 0.690$ M.

Related tools: Neutralization Calculator, Normality Calculator, and Molarity Calculator.