Percent Yield Calculator
Calculate percent yield, actual yield, or theoretical yield for chemistry experiments.
How to Calculate Percent Yield in Chemistry
Percent yield is a key metric in laboratory and industrial chemistry used to measure the efficiency of a chemical reaction. It compares the amount of product actually obtained (actual yield) to the maximum possible amount that could be produced according to stoichiometry (theoretical yield). For related chemistry calculations, try our Empirical Formula Calculator or Molarity Calculator.
Percent Yield Formulas
The formulas used to solve for the variables are:
- Percent Yield (%):
Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100 - Actual Yield:
Actual Yield = (Percent Yield / 100) * Theoretical Yield - Theoretical Yield:
Theoretical Yield = Actual Yield / (Percent Yield / 100)
Step-by-Step Worked Example
Suppose a reaction has a theoretical yield of 25.0 grams of ethyl acetate, but when you run the experiment, you recover and dry 19.5 grams of product:
- Identify Actual Yield: 19.5 g
- Identify Theoretical Yield: 25.0 g
- Apply Formula:
(19.5 / 25.0) * 100 - Result:
0.78 * 100 = 78%. The reaction had a 78.00% yield.
Also check: Empirical Formula Calculator, Molecular Weight Calculator, Molarity Calculator, Percent Error Calculator, Percentage Calculator, STP Calculator.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does percent yield tell you about a chemical reaction?
Percent yield indicates how efficient the reaction was. A higher percentage means less starting material was wasted or lost to side reactions, incomplete conversion, or purification processes.
Why is actual yield usually less than theoretical yield?
Actual yield falls short due to physical and chemical factors. These include side reactions that create unwanted byproducts, incomplete reactions (where equilibrium stops conversion), mechanical losses during transfer, filtration, or recrystallization, and product remaining dissolved in solution.
Can a percent yield be over 100%?
No. A yield above 100% is physically impossible due to the law of conservation of mass. If your calculations show a yield over 100%, it typically means the product contains impurities (like water or solvent), is not fully dry, or a measurement error occurred.
What is a "good" percent yield in organic synthesis?
It varies by process. In typical academic labs, yields of 70% to 90% are considered very good. In complex multi-step drug syntheses, even a 50% yield on an individual step can be acceptable if it is highly selective.