Parallelepiped Volume Calculator
Calculate the volume and surface area of a parallelepiped from three vectors, four vertices, or edge lengths and angles with step-by-step formulas.
What Is a Parallelepiped?
A parallelepiped is a three-dimensional shape with six parallelogram faces. When all angles are right angles, it becomes a rectangular prism. In vector geometry, three adjacent edge vectors that share a common starting point fully describe the shape.
Volume Formula Using Vectors
The volume equals the absolute value of the scalar triple product:
$$V = \left|(\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) \cdot \vec{c}\right|$$Here \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), and \(\vec{c}\) are three non-coplanar edge vectors. The cross product \(\vec{a} \times \vec{b}\) gives a vector perpendicular to both inputs, and the dot product with \(\vec{c}\) measures how far the shape extends along that direction.
Surface Area Formula
The total surface area combines the areas of all three unique parallelogram faces, counted twice:
$$A = 2\left(|\vec{a} \times \vec{b}| + |\vec{b} \times \vec{c}| + |\vec{a} \times \vec{c}|\right)$$Example With Three Vectors
Let \(\vec{a} = [1, 2, 3]\), \(\vec{b} = [5, -4, 7]\), and \(\vec{c} = [-5, 1, 12]\).
- Compute \(\vec{a} \times \vec{b} = [34, -4, -26]\)
- Compute \((\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) \cdot \vec{c} = -290\)
- Volume: \(V = |-290| = 290\)
Related tools: Vector Calculator, Matrix Determinant Calculator, and Volume Calculator.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does a zero volume mean?
If the scalar triple product is zero, the three vectors are coplanar and do not form a three-dimensional parallelepiped.
Can I use four vertices instead of vectors?
Yes. With vertices p, q, r, and s, build vectors a = q - p, b = r - p, and c = s - p, then apply the same volume formula.
How is volume calculated from edge lengths?
Use side lengths a, b, c and the angles between them. The volume includes a square-root correction term based on cosines of those angles.
Is a cube a parallelepiped?
Yes. A cube is a special parallelepiped where all edges are equal and all angles are 90 degrees.
Related Tools
Recent Visits
Finance Calc Kit
Focused calculators on Finance Calc Kit for loans, compounding investments, contractor tax estimates, and reti...
Explore Finance Calc Kit