Newtons Second Law Calculator

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's second law relates force, mass, and acceleration for a body. It is the foundation of dynamics problems in mechanics, from pushing a cart to rocket thrust calculations.

Formula

$$F = m \times a$$

Force $F$ is in newtons (N), mass $m$ in kilograms (kg), and acceleration $a$ in meters per second squared (m/s²). One newton accelerates one kilogram at one m/s².

Rearrangements

Solve for any variable:

$$m = \frac{F}{a}, \quad a = \frac{F}{m}$$

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a newton?

A newton (N) is the SI unit of force. 1 N is the force needed to accelerate 1 kg at 1 m/s².

Does F = ma apply to gravity?

Yes. Weight is a force where $F = mg$ and $g \approx 9.8\,\text{m/s}^2$ near Earth's surface.

Can acceleration be negative?

Yes. Negative acceleration (deceleration) means the velocity is decreasing in the positive direction.

Is mass the same as weight?

No. Mass is inertia (kg). Weight is the gravitational force (N) on that mass.

What if multiple forces act on an object?

Use the net force in $F_{net} = ma$. Sum all forces vectorially before solving for acceleration.

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Newtons Second Law Calculator

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Formula

Rearrangements

Frequently Asked Questions

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